Palm Kernel Solvent Extraction Plant
GOYUM GROUP is a leading Turnkey Project Manufacturer & Exporter of Palm Kernel Solvent Extraction Plant with manufacturing facilities in Ludhiana ( Punjab ), India.
Palm kernel is an edible seed of oil palm fruit. The fruit produces two different oils, palm oil extracted from the outer part of the fruit and palm kernel oil extracted from the kernels. The pulp that remains after oil is removed from the kernel is formed into a “palm kernel cake” that can be used as a high-protein feed for dairy cows or burned in a boiler to produce steam or electricity.
Like coconut oil, palm kernel oil is high in saturated fat and is more saturated than palm oil. Palm kernel oil is rich in lauric acid and has been shown to increase blood cholesterol levels in both LDLC (cholesterol in low-density lipoprotein) and HDLC (cholesterol in high-density lipoprotein). However, the increase in total cholesterol concentration is partly due to the higher HDLC than LDLC. Palm kernel oil does not contain cholesterol or trans fat.
Palm kernel oil is commonly used for commercial cooking because it is cheaper than other oils and stable at high cooking temperatures. Oils can also be stored longer than other vegetable oils.
Production of Palm Kernels: After the extraction of the oil from palm fruit the nut will remained as strong like coconut and smaller in size ranging from 20 to 30 mm based on the variety. These nuts are polished to remove sticky fiber on the surface then use ripper mills, hammer mills to break the nuts into pieces. The kernel nut mixture will be separated using mud bath due to no difference in density
The isolated kernel from mud bath are dried to 7 to 8% moisture and the oil is extracted.
The oil extracted from Kernels are two methods.
- Mechanical expression
- Solvent extraction process
The kernels are widely extracted with the help of mechanical expression process using screw presses and also with solvent extraction.
The Solvent extraction process of Palm kernel will be carried out with the following steps.
Method 1: Pre-Press with Solvent Extraction
Method 2: Full Press with Solvent Extraction
Method 3: Direct Solvent Extraction
- Cleaning
- Magnetic Separation
- Hammer Mills
- Cracking
- Flaking 1st Press
- Flaking 2nd Press
- Solvent Extraction
Cleaning
Various processes are used for drying of Copra. Most of the farmers and villagers use sun drying as the major of process. Due to sun drying in open environment will attract the kernel or copra may stick with some dust and other impurities. Rotary drum cleaners or vibro screeners are used to remove fine dust from Copra.
Magnetic Separation
The cleaned Copra passed through either rotary drum magnet of stationary permanent magnet to remove all iron contamination and iron particles. The iron and magnetic particles are discharged separately and copra separately. Copra obtained after this step is free from iron.
Copra Cutting
Under normal circumstance the copra is available with two halves or quarter size pieces from the market. These are very big for extraction hence size reduction is required. Copra will be making into pieces of 10mm to 15mm sizes to make suitable for extraction. A cutter is used to reduce the size of copra.
Hammer Mill
The cleaned kernels are passed through the hammer mills with 6 – 8 mm perforated sheets. Hardened beaters with good quality perforated sheets to minimize the frequent replacement. The pieces broken to 6 mm are send to the cracker.
Cracking
The four roll crackers are used similar to soya cracking machine. The material coming out will be passed through the crackers to achieve further size reduction of 3 to 4mm size with ease and some of them are pressed like semi flakes.
Flaking 1st Press
The cleaned kernels are passed through the hammer mills with 6 – 8 mm perforated sheets. Hardened beaters with good quality perforated sheets to minimize the frequent replacement. The pieces broken to 6 mm are send to the cracker.
Flaking 2nd Press
The cleaned kernels are passed through the hammer mills with 6 – 8 mm perforated sheets. Hardened beaters with good quality perforated sheets to minimize the frequent replacement. The pieces broken to 6 mm are send to the cracker.
Method 1: Pre Press
The Kernel obtained after complete cleaning are send to screw presses of short length where the oil will be drained out. Cleaned Palm Kernel contains oil from 43% to 48% based on the size and breed of the seed. These kernel oil is extracted upto 28 – 30% and the balance oil 15 – 18% is extracted using solvent extraction process The balance oil will be extracted by solvent extraction process leaving 1% oil in the de oiled cake.
Method 2: Full press
First Pressing: The Kernel obtained after complete cleaning are send to screw presses of short length where the oil will be drained out. Cleaned Palm Kernel contains oil from 43% to 48% based on the size and breed of the seed. These kernels oil is extracted upto 28 – 30% and the balance oil 15 – 18% will be remained in the cake.
Second Press and Final Press: The Cake with 15 – 18% oil send to the second screw press where with high pressure among the screws will be applied and reduce the oil content to 6% – 7% in the Final cake. This cake 6 -7% oil will send to the solvent extraction. After solvent Extraction the balance remain in the cake will be less than 1%.
These two processes are widely used in the industry for extraction of oil from Palm Kernels.
Method3: Direction Extraction
This method is used to extract oil directly from Palm Kernels. Due to high maintenance cost and huge power consumption of the screw presses the new method has been developed to extract the oil directly making flakes with help of solvent extraction process. This process is highly effective and giving good results only the size of the extraction system and distillation system will be higher than normal solvent extraction plant as the Oil content is 43-45% in pressed flakes and results achieved up to 1.2% residual oil content in the final cake.
Solvent Extraction Process
The Palm Kernel Cake / Double Pressed Flakes can be directly solvent extracted or pressed cake or fully pressed cake. For direct solvent extraction two types of alternative processes are explained in the above. Apart from above two processes another process is there in which the Palm kernels are fully pressed and cake obtained from full press will be used to extract the balance oil 6% to 7% by using solvent extraction Process
The Pre pressed cake fully pressed cake from preparatory section is carried by Redler Conveyor and fed to Extractor Either through rotary valve or Plug O Seal to extractor feed hopper incorporated with high and low level arrangement to ensure proper level of material filled in the Hope and seal for the system. The material through the intake hopper moves on the endless band conveyor chain of moving deep bed extractor and the Hexane is sprayed counter currently over the moving bed material.
The solvent percolates n penetrates through the bed and dissolves oil with it. The solvent oil mixture is called as Miscella. Miscella from last hoper will be transferred to miscella holding tank through miscella filter or hydro cyclones fixed above Extractor. The deoiled seed material with solvent is discharged from extractor discharge hopper and is transferred to desolventisor toaster through leak proof sealed solvent tight conveyor.
Pre-pressed cake as FEED
| Feed Material | Palm kernel Cake with less than 0.5% Fines |
|---|---|
| Moisture | 8% – 9 % |
| Oil Content | 15% – 18% |
Full Pressed Cake as FEED
| Feed Material | Palm Kernel Cake with less than 0.5% fines |
|---|---|
| Moisture | 8% – 9 % |
| Oil Content | 7% – 8% |
Direct Extraction Palm Kernel Double Pressed Flakes as FEED
| Feed Material | Palm Kernel Flakes |
|---|---|
| Moisture | 8% – 9 % |
| Oil Content | 43% – 45% |
Meal Conditioning and Bagging
The Palm kernel de-oiled meal obtained from the DT discharged at 110°C will be cooled to 10°C above the ambient temperature. This cooled meal contains some quantity of lumps around 10% to 15% based on the operation and quality of steam. These lumps are sieved out and grinded to the specific size of sieve. This is the final product which called de oiled soya meal. This will be bagged in 50 to 75 kg through an automatic bagging machine.
Specifications of Solvent Extracted Palm Kernel Oil:
| Moisture | 10 – 11% |
|---|---|
| Residual oil in cake | 1 – 1.2% |
| Protein | 16% – 18% |
| Temp after conditioning | + 10°C above ambient |
| POP test | Negative |
Palm Kernel Solvent Extraction Plant Process
- Meal Desolventization
- Miscella Distillation System
- Condensation and Solvent Recovery
- Recuperation (Absorption and Desorption) Unit
